Tuesday, January 31, 2012

Investing in Nepal- risk associated

For the past couple of weeks,I have been helping an impact investing fund to write its investment prospectus.I have been doing quit a lot of research on the  potential of  Nepali bottom of the pyramid market  particularly in the sectors like internet connectivity,healthcare,water and sanitation, culture ,education and  education .......
Despite lot of potential,current market is very fragmented and due to the difficultly  of geographic  terrains, managing distributions channels is  challenging .... It is  inevitable for both  domestic and international investors  to  be successfully in Nepal without addressing the  hurdles like achieving economies of scale, weak distributions channels,consistent quality of the product and weak infrastructure   like roads,energy,internet .... to add to that  very idea of entrepreneurship means converting  problems into opportunity, at the same time making money....... ........................

so one of  the requirement to make the investment decision is to gauge the overall  risk associate  to investment in  economy like Nepal ........ to learn more about the investment decision and current economic risk in Nepal ... I emailed one of my friend ( a man with super  economic and financial  analysis skills)  -- he replied me by writing an oped in  the Kathmandu Post : )


"  A friend of mine recently sent me an email asking whether I had or knew the data on the “Country Risk Premium” (hereinafter CRP) for Nepal. He was working on an investment prospectus, and needed, among others, information on the CRP—a premium that foreign investors associate with a particular country when making their investment decisions. While I did not have any such information at that time, given the importance that foreign investors assign to such risk premium, I went to the internet and started looking around if there were any such data pertaining to Nepal.

The concept of a CRP refers to an increment in interest rates that would have to be paid for loans and investment projects in a particular country compared to some standard. One way of establishing the CRP for a country is to compare the interest rate that the market establishes for a standard security in the country, say the central government debt, to a comparable (same maturity and issued in the same currency, say US dollars) security in the benchmark country, say the US. The interest rate that is relevant is the market-determined yield to maturity rather than the coupon interest rate. Given that Nepal and other developing economies don’t issue foreign currency denominated bonds, it is difficult to calculate the CRP using this method for such countries. " click here to read 

Monday, January 23, 2012

Sunday, January 15, 2012

Things I read today -Jan 16 2012


  • learnt about  - Cotton Mill (Nepal) ........ you guys should check it out and buys their  products ...... Products are  Hand Made in Nepal .......... I have not done much research  on  their business model , however I am hoping that  success of  the  business leads to hiring of more and more craftsmen and artisans .... I also hope Cotton Mill (Nepal) gets an international market and help our country's export market....
  • Just a thought: one of their  product  is -  Wine Bottle Gift Wrap------ so may be Cotton Mill (Nepal) should tie- up with Nepali wine manufacturers like  Hinwa or others .....

Post Money Valuation of Solatee Hotel approximately $25 mill - 2011-2012

"Indian hospitality chain Oberoi Hotels Pvt Ltd has sold its entire 6.84 per cent stake in Nepal’s Soaltee Hotel Ltd to Sibkrim Land and Industrial Company Pvt Ltd, for a consideration of $1.68 million, the company has said in a statement.
A total of 14,924,063 shares owned by Oberoi Hotels were transferred at Rs 140 per unit.
Khaitan & Co LLP was the official advisor for Oberoi Hotels.
While Soaltee Enterprises owns the largest stake in Soaltee Hotel, Nepal Airlines Corporation holds 12 per cent stake and Holiday Inn Investment Nepal, a subsidiary of Holiday Inn, has around 10 per cent stake. Soaltee posted a profit of around Rs 110 million during FY2010-2011 and currently employees 700 people." Source: Vccircle.com

Wednesday, January 11, 2012

Things I read Today - 01/17/2012

Lazy  days  watch  moved to movies but till managed to read


  1. First few pages of - Accelerating Inclusive Business Opportunities," identifies seven inclusive business models that expand access to goods, services, and livelihood opportunities for the world’s poorest people while generating strong financial returns. These models are helping companies turn underserved populations into dynamic consumer markets and diverse new sources of supply. In the process, companies are developing product, service, and business model innovations with the potential to tip the scales of competitive advantage in more established markets as well. This report summarizes and analyzes patterns in the solutions companies with inclusive business models are using to succeed. Source: Click here to read 
  2. An article published in current Business Today ( India)  -  Name of the Article is  Rural Marketing  -  Spreading  light.Click here to read 






Tuesday, January 10, 2012

Monday, January 9, 2012

The Dolma Development Fund - Impact Investing in Nepal




Very excited to learn about one of the very few Impact investing funds operating in Nepal...............

  • If you are a  social entrepreneur working in Nepal  and  looking for external financing - The Dolma Development fund is interested in   going over your business plan .....   


"The Dolma Development Fund was founded in 2003 as a non-profit impact investor, education sponsor and development advisor. Our mission is to use commercially sustainable methods where possible to alleviate poverty in remote areas, currently in Nepal and Ethiopia. We provide both financing and advice to local projects and businesses that have a positive social and environmental impact in their DNA, and we reinvest any returns into education and other support for our partner communities. In this way our capital is essentially recycled and used multiple times for good."  source: click here to read 







http://www.dolmafund.org/

Affordable housing for poor and slum dwellers in Kathmandu??

Current  Situation -

  • Current slum inhabitants in Kathmandu - 50,000
  • Total number of   slum households -  2,763 .
  • The number of squatter settlements has grown from 17 in 1985 to 63 today.
  • Below the Bagmati Bridge, there are more than 310 households in what is supposed to be 'UN Park', although it has nothing to do with the United Nations. (Source:  Nepali time click here to read more)
  • Average Home Loan intrest rate charged by commercial banks - 14-16 %
  •  "According to government data, nearly 430,000 families live in sub-standard housing in Nepal. The gap between the supply and demand of decent and affordable housing in Nepal is wide. In a rough estimation, about 70,000 new homes per year would need to be built to close the housing gap in Nepal." source: 

    HABITAT FOR HUMANITY NEPAL

Picture source: Nepali times, grey dots show the slum settlements around Kathmandu 




Current Solution:"


Housing Micro-Finance (HMF) programs features prominently among organizations that address the shelter needs of the urban and rural poor in Nepal. In 2005 HFH Nepal pioneered a Save and Build approach that offers housing finance to those who would otherwise not get a loan. Save and Build brings together low-income families in a community to form saving groups to save funds and materials to repair, renovate or build new homes. No collateral is needed and very simple documentation is required, which addresses some of the usual barriers that the poor face in accessing financing. Save and Build offers a flexible loan payment structure and construction process. Ultimately, this methodology supports holistic, sustainable community development, through house ownership."


"The impact of HFHI Nepal’s Save and Build program attracted the attention of the United Nations agency, UN-Habitat who was looking for partners for its pilot project, to break the poverty cycle by providing small housing loans to the urban poor such as slum dwellers in Nepal and five other countries. The landmark US$5 million Experimental Reimbursable Seeding Operations and other innovative mechanism (UN-ERSO) project provides loans of up to US$500,000. The Save and Build model with its incremental approach is seen as a way forward."
source: click here to read 






 Possible - Market Base  Solution: 




  • Can  affordable housing developers with collaboration of the organizations like Habitat for Humanity  provide a  market base solution that can be  scale-able and self sustainable   ? 
  • Should affordable housing loan by the commercial  Banks considered "deprived sector loan" ?  
  • Can the poor and slum dwellers in Kathmandu afford to buy a house ? 



Looks like this business model is working for the poor in Mumbai 
  • Monitor India - A Model that could be replicated...Watch the video .....






Clumsy Success is better than elegant failure

Mr. Dipak Gyawali  talks about collaborative and ground level solution, water politics and many more interesting issues  regarding development ......




The bigger idea/concept what Mr.Gyawali is talking about  reminds me of the "Shared Value Concept" of  Dr. Porter from Harvard.......



    Mr. Bill  Drayton, CEO of Ashoka also talks about it .... he calls it " Hybrid Value Chains"

"For-profit organizations today have an opportunity to collaborate with citizen-sector organizations (CSOs) on large-scale problems that neither group has been able to solve on its own. The power of such partnerships lies in the complementary strengths of the participants: Businesses offer scale, expertise in manufacturing and operations, and financing. Social entrepreneurs and organizations contribute lower costs, strong social networks, and deep insights into customers and communities.
But to work together effectively, they must focus on creating real economic as well as social value. We believe they can do so by forming what we call hybrid value chains (HVCs), which capitalize on those complementary strengths to increase benefits and lower costs." (Source:HBR,Click here to read more 
Just a FYI: I don't think Mr. Dipak Gyawali & I are related .......but again, will have to ask my grand-mom

Sunday, January 8, 2012

Should Nepal Ambulance Service (NAS) adopt India's dail 1298 model


Ambulance demand in Kathmandu- " According to a study by Patan Hospital, of patients arriving at emergency rooms, only 10% arrive by ambulance. 54% arrive by taxi. only 10% of them arrive by ambulance."

Social and economic consequences - "Recent estimates from the Nepal Community Emergency Preparedness Group concluded that Nepal loses about 530,000 Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) per year to injury. By projecting current trends, injuries are estimated to become the 3rd most common cause of DALY loss in Nepal by 2020, as compared to the 9th most common cause currently."

Source: NAS Website , Picture Source: Nepali Times


What is Nepal Ambulance Service (NAS) ?

"NAS is an independent non-profit initiative which offers ambulances equipped with specialised life-saving equipment and trained emergency medical technicians in Kathmandu and Patan. NAS's dispatch center provides emergency pre-arrival instructions and there are 14 on-call emergency physicians for medical consultations." source: Click here to read ( Nepali times)


Objective of Nepal Ambulance Service - Click here to watch the video (must watch video to understand the objective of NAS)

NAS - Current Financing and Revenue Source :
  1. Donations from Nepali industrialist and other businessmen to buy Ambulances
  2. Revenue Source : "The service will charge Rs. 20 Per - Kilometer (one way only) as per the Nepal Government Rules." (Source: NAS WebSite)
  3. The Website also mentions- " In order to make the services of NAS available to everyone, including those who do not have the means to pay, NAS will seek funding to cover the needy. In my opinion :
  • NAS should replicate ZHL business model, which has a revenue model that is self sustainable ....... Like ZHL , NAS can possbile attract Impact investment investment s too from ACUMEN FUND.............................
  • NAS current strategy requires grants/charity to add more ambulances .... I think it will be hard to scale up with this strategy.....







  1. Case Study 1: Business Model explained Columbia Business School
  2. Case Study 2 - Ziqitza Healthcare Limited: Scaling Emergency Medical Services across India ..CLick here to read
  3. Case Study 3 : Acumen Fund: Valuing a Social Venture ( Interesting investment model) click here to read







Things I read today : Jan,08,2012

  1. A New Approach to Funding Social Enterprises - click here to read more ( must read more aspiring impact investors )

  2. Firms with benefits- click more to read





Thursday, January 5, 2012

Nepali Stock market my way....

So the finance ministry yesterday introduced few measures to reinvigorate the anemic stock market ( lowest level in six years ) .


One of the move was - The Government has decided to increase the public awareness about benefits of investing in capital markets in semi urban and other areas in the country, with the hope that investments from non- Kathmaduites will increase liquidity in the market and help the NEPSE to reverse its perpetual trend ..... Looking from a distance, it looks like a very encouraging initiative taken by the government. After all each and every citizen of the country ( rich or poor) should get an opportunity to investment his savings in the stock market ,with a hope that the invested money will generate higher returns in the future..... In the Democratic republic of Nepal an individual should also be free to gauge his own risk appetite and make his own investments decision .....................One can also argue this measure as a "inclusion " policy introduced by the government. Inclusion as in, an attempt to bring in " non-kathmandu" population to participate in the equity market ......................


Having said all this,in my opinion, If the " business as usual" continues in the NEPSE, saving and investments of thousand of many more will be at risk........ I don't know if it makes much sense but in my opnion government need to do few things to revive the stock market and increase confidence .............


  1. Diversity : NEPSE is too " sector" specific , majority of the companies listed are financial institutions .......... Beta of the NEPSE and the financial sector is highly correlated.....there is little or no ground for diversification ... I always wonder why big industrial houses are not interested in IPOs? ..............If it was my way - if a company market value is more then a "certain" amount, then they should be forced to float there shares....... This will not only help " common" Nepali to enjoy the financial gain , but will also increase transparency and accountability of the companies........ it can possible means " less" tax evasion by these big industrial houses .....
  2. Par Value : According to my knowledge ( you might have to double check) , when a company decides to float its shares, the Initial public offering price per unit of the share is always Rs 100.... In my opinion, instead of having a uniform par value for all the companies, the par value should be decided according to the valuation of the firm and its reputation ...... It does not make sense to me when the "par" value/ initial price of a "blue chip" stock is also Rs 100 and the price of a "not so healthy" company is also the same......
  3. Increase and Improve Governance in the Board rooms ---- Less of "seth jee" attitude when running the board meeting and demand for accountability from the directors voted by shareholders ?? ...... As of now, these directors are suffering from "neta" virus ,they only remember the shareholders when they need " proxy" vote for next board election ... If I had my way, I would have banned the practice of paying board members for attending board meetings.......... may be there incentives should be pegged to stock performance .........
  4. Introducing private equity and venture capital culture :Concern authorities should encourage structuring of venture fund - which will translate into spurring of entrepreneurial ventures and possibility in the long term increase in the number of diverse companies in the stock exchange ...









Wednesday, January 4, 2012

CATCH 22 : Youth self-employment fund faces two-pronged problem



" The government´s ongoing project, under which jobless youths are receiving unsecured credit, has faced a major roadblock after several banks and financial institutions said they cannot afford to continue giving away collateral-free loans, arguing that it could generate holes in their balance sheets." Click here to read more


Should a private public partnership be initiated to inject equity in these small enterprises or should the Government lift the lend rate cap ?